ABSTRACT:
link w88 globalization process and link w88 4th industrial revolution are setting new requirements for health workers in general and pharmacists in particular. Hence, there are new standards for not only higher education but also pharmaceutical field. link w88 main aim of this study is to apply link w88 CDIO training methodology to enhance a target-oriented training program for pharmaceutical students to develop practical skills.link w88 findings from this study are link w88 basis for education development and application for link w88 training of pharmaceutical students according to CDIO in link w88 context of international integration in Vietnam. It is critical that pharmaceutical students have link w88 thorough preparation to meet link w88 demands of link w88 industries after graduation.
Keywords:CDIO, Pharmacy education, Pharmaceutical supply chain.
1. Introduction
In educational activities, link w88 educational program approach plays an important role, helping to orient all components of link w88 educational program: From proposing goals, program standards, identifying subjects, activities to content selection, teaching methods, organization, testing and evaluation of results. There are many approaches. This study chooses link w88 CDIO empirical approach as an approach to link w88 capacity to require Vietnamese pharmacy education in link w88 context of integration to meet social needs. Capacity is to say link w88 ability to perform, are to work, practice, practical applications, not to know and understand.
Of course "act", done here must be associated with consciousness and attitude, must have knowledge and skills, not do it in a "mechanical", "blind" way [8]. Technical education is link w88 main channel to promote national economic development with engineers with technical qualifications or business management fields. In developing countries, CDIO is actively introduced, applied and innovated, link w88 process of technical education reform is enhanced, a potential for link w88 development of science and technology. For universities in developing countries: Conceive - Design - Implementation - Operations is a framework of educational thoughts and methods that guide technical education reform[10].
link w88 advancement of medical and scientific technology and link w88 separation between medical practice and clinics have brought about a tremendous change in link w88 pharmaceutical industry. Let pharmacists respond appropriately to such needs: Students who aspire to become pharmacists must have basic knowledge/skills; respect moral values when practicing, knowledgeable about medical knowledge, gain professional practice skills; capable of detecting and solving problems according to link w88 social movement[7].
link w88 determination of link w88 wide participation of stakeholders in link w88 implementation of CDIO is really necessary of link w88 university in training according to link w88 discipline of "output standard", link w88 output of link w88 CDIO approach focus on link w88 system of competency needs of each learner (Figure 1). Speaking of capacity is to mention link w88 ability to perform, is to know how to do, practice, apply practicality and not know and understand. Of course link w88 action (doing) here must be linked to link w88 sense and attitude, must have knowledge and skills: contribute to creating valuable results for society and community; help individuals meet link w88 requirements of a wide and complex context; They may not be important to professionals, but are important for all pharmacists when working[8].
Training high-quality pharmacists in Vietnam to meet link w88 labor market for link w88 development of link w88 pharmaceutical industry is now an urgent need. link w88 operational risks in link w88 domestic pharmaceutical supply chain related to pharmacist human resources still present many threats, rapid industrialization in pharmaceuticals, privatization in link w88 retail sector, to meet link w88 increase. Economic growth, there has been an increase in demand for pharmaceutical human resources, lack of strict control from management agencies due to link w88 shortage of human resources affecting product quality.
Vietnamese enterprises have a low ability to participate in research due to lack of finance and high quality pharmaceutical human resources affecting competitiveness. Human resources with domestic and international pharmaceutical and legal expertise do not keep up with link w88 development of link w88 domestic and international pharmaceutical industry both in quantity and quality[6]. However, link w88 requirements for academic capacity building and strategy development should be taken seriously. Collecting data from stakeholders of link w88 workforce, identifying specific needs of link w88 country, and using new methods in training to develop comprehensive education is considered link w88 first step to improve link w88 quality of pharmaceutical education in Vietnam[9].
Pharmacists are responsible for ensuring link w88 quality of pharmaceuticals/medicines supplied to link w88 patients as per link w88 government policies/regulations, and patient pharmaceutical education including counseling of link w88 patients. A pharmacist is one of link w88 people in link w88 health care team, and he plays a key role in providing quality healthcare and pharmaceutical care to link w88 public. They are experts in medicines and use their clinical expertise, together with formulation, quality control, practical knowledge, to ensure link w88 safe supply and use of medicines by link w88 public[5].
So, we have to update and trained to meet link w88 changing demands. For example, in hospital pharmacy, a pharmacist can be trained in link w88 filling, outpatient dispensing, total parenteral nutrition preparation, working in satellite pharmacy units and cytotoxic drugs handing. Such training would definitely diversify pharmacist's skills. Allowing pharmacists to work in a number of contributions to link w88 pharmacy services. So, link w88 training program is an essential element in order to maximize link w88 pharmacist's role in link w88 progress of upgrading pharmacy services[4].
2. Methodology
Data will be collected to conduct interviews and design questionnaires and surveyed by 500 respondents[2]: 50 people are experts in important positions. Study to email or visit directly at link w88 business/hospital (pharmaceutical companies, pharmaceutical companies, distribution companies, community pharmacies, and government agencies). Study emails and distribute surveys directly to 250 people including lecturers and pharmacists participating in pharmaceutical jobs and 200 final-year students, which enrolled in link w88 Pharmacy program. link w88 study period is from September 2018 to June 2019.
Design questionnaire: This questionnaire reference sources: Guide to Design and Development Training Program standard output[1]; What skills do you prepare for future employment and how satisfied are you? QS World University Rankings[3]; Seven-Star Pharmacist Concept by World Health Organization[5]. Research has suggested that link w88 observed variables labor market need for pharmacy students after graduation (Table 1).
link w88 questionnaire consists of 2 parts: Part 1: Personal information; Part 2: link w88 main content consists of 16 items to assess link w88 current level and link w88 desired level (Table 1). Data analysis method: Study using link w88 descriptive statistical method with comparison indicators: frequency, medium to conduct analysis and evaluation of link w88 current level and desired level. from stakeholders on employment positions in practice linking knowledge-skills - attitudes in training for pharmaceutical students.
Result and Discussion
link w88 findings from this study are link w88 basis for link w88 science of applying link w88 CDIO method to pharmacist training universities in Vietnam. link w88 total number of questionnaires collected is 500; of which, 385 valid votes, reaching 77%. There were 115 invalid questionnaires (equivalent to 23%) because respondents did not answer fully (delete link w88 answer or choose only one answer for all questions) according to link w88 observed variables (Table 1).
Stakeholders involved in link w88 survey include: Pharmaceutical experts in important positions directors of pharmaceutical companies or heads of departments of pharmacy in hospitals have 44 survey questionnaires (11.4%); final year students enrolled in link w88 Pharmacy program had 100 survey questionnaires (26%); lecturers and pharmacists working in link w88 pharmaceutical supply chain have 241 survey questionnaires (62.6%).
Figure 2, personal qualities and pharmaceutical industry of pharmaceutical students and educational customers are evaluated by factors: Resilience & dealing with conflict, Integrity, Corporate Social Responsibility, Problem-solving. link w88 research results show that at link w88 present level, these factors of link w88 surveyed subjects only reach link w88 level of Understanding/explanation while their desired level is at link w88 Applicable/Applying level. link w88 results showed that these factors were significantly different (p-value <5%) at link w88 present level and expected level.
In addition to link w88 expertise of link w88 pharmaceutical field and link w88 professionalism of pharmacists, society and professional associations, expect Pharmacists to maintain high standards of professional ethics while practicing. link w88 student is aware of link w88 nature of morality and professional ethics; discriminating law and morality; recognize link w88 dilemmas of ethics, professional ethics, master link w88 steps to resolve and know how to deal with link w88 dilemmas of morality in life and work in an appropriate and responsible manner; identify basic standards and standards of pharmaceutical practice ethics.
Pharmacists practice with a sense of responsibility, honesty, culture, and practice for link w88 values of link w88 industry, for link w88 safety of people, for link w88 benefit of link w88 social community. Communication skills are one of link w88 top two skills of a pharmacist along with teamwork skills. These are two skills that employers often complain about when talking about new graduates. Pharmacists who are able to communicate and work well are better than others in terms of technology. Successful pharmacists must be able to communicate effectively with supervisors, colleagues and link w88 community (patients).
To improve link w88 quality of pharmaceutical training, teaching-learning skills (communicating with patients), asking medical history, asking a history and making a medical record) must be applied regularly and continuously at link w88 pharmacy training schools. Pharmaceutical training programs at universities must provide basic concepts about link w88 communication of health workers, link w88 role of communication with practicing pharmacists; Some basic techniques for compiling professional materials, especially those used for writing letters, writing reports in link w88 field of Health and Pharmacy; Some techniques used in effective presentations; some basic issues about poster design and link w88 role of designing posters in presenting link w88 results of scientific research in link w88 industry.
Today, more than ever, universities require their students to be able to work in groups. Determining link w88 importance of teamwork skills in pharmaceutical university is a reflection of link w88 factual needs of link w88 pharmaceutical industry in recent years. Pharmacists and employers are link w88 ones who set these requirements and they not only employ skilled professionals but also know how to work in teams.
Teamwork is becoming increasingly important, students must be educated as soon as they sit in a school chair: current pharmacists must solve extremely complex problems; More than ever, many factors need to be considered in future practice; link w88 need to expand members' understanding of different areas; Cooperation between officials and multinational activities has become more and more popular; link w88 requirement to reduce link w88 time to bring products to market, and link w88 patient's waiting and link w88 application of specialized techniques simultaneously; Operate according to project type more and more at companies.
In general, there are differences between link w88 current level and link w88 level of desire for skills in training for pharmacy students. This result also shows that link w88 level of pharmacy students after graduation compared to link w88 desired level of employment in link w88 pharmaceutical supply in Vietnam. From this result, universities provide training with link w88 necessary skills training for pharmaceutical students that are compatible with link w88 reality that society now wants. Pharmacy schools need to have a strategy - plan - actions for link w88 pathway of pharmacy students.
CDIO's goal is to educate students who are able to master deeper knowledge of technical fundamentals, leading in creating new products, processes, and systems, and understanding link w88 importance of and link w88 strategic impact of research and development technology on society. From active participation with stakeholders, Universities listen to each request, analyze link w88 requirements and change link w88 training from traditional learning to active, practical learning. In fact, Universities received a lot of comments about its effectiveness in improving student-centered teaching and learning. In addition, helping Universities validate link w88 skills development of students with social awareness.
3. Conclusion
link w88 research may find that link w88 stakeholders (business) and training organizations need to establish and develop relationships with each other to bring benefits to all parties. Business establishments is a great practice environment for students and faculty to study, perform, applied research and practice link w88 skills of link w88 pharmaceutical industry. Training facilities for pharmaceutical supply chain should be proactive in link w88 process of training to meet link w88 increasing needs of high-quality human resources.
Universities need to match link w88 training programs of Pharmacists in developed countries. Parties should implement innovative educational policies of Vietnam in link w88 context of link w88 current international integration. For example, link w88 approach to developing link w88 program with CDIO requirements: pharmacy students being trained to achieve link w88 qualities and capabilities identified in link w88 practical training program according to professional competency standards, Promoting link w88 entrepreneurial spirit of students and students and equipping students with knowledge and skills in starting a business during their study time at schools; creating a favorable environment to support students and students to form and realize ideas and start-up projects, contributing to creating jobs for students after graduation; creating a strong and substantive change in link w88 quality of training, scientific research, and technology transfer of link w88 higher education system to meet link w88 needs of human resources; contribute to improving labor quality and productivity, promoting creative.
REFERENCES
1. Doan Thi Minh Trinh, N. H. N. (2013). Guidelines for designing and developing link w88 Output Standard Training Program. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City.
2. Nguyen Huu Loc, P. C. B., Le Ngoc Quynh Lam. (2014). Curriculum Integration: From design to operation. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City.
3. Survey, Q. G. E. (2017). What skills do you for in future graduate hires and how satisfied are you? QS World University Rankings.
4. Syed Wasif Gillani, S. A. S. S., Khurrum Ghani. (2012). Hospital Supply Chain Parmacy Management. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
5. Thamby, S., & Subramani, P. (2014). Seven-Star Pharmacist Concept by World Health Organization, vol 6 th. Journal of Young Pharmacist (JYP), 2.
6. Tri, H. H. (2017). Pharmaceutical industry report: revolution from quantity to quality. FPT securities.
7. Utsumi, M., Hirano, S., Fujii, Y., & Yamamoto, H. (2015). Evaluation of link w88 pharmacy practice program in link w88
6-year pharmaceutical education curriculum in Japan: community pharmacy practice program. Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences, 1(1), 27.
8. Vietnam, A. o. C. a. U. o. (2018). link w88 open education system is in link w88 context of educational autonomy and international integration. Information and communication, 1.
9. Vo, T.-H., Bedouch, P., Nguyen, T.-H., Nguyen, T.-L.-H., Hoang, T.-K.-H., Calop, J., & Allenet, B. (2013). Pharmacy education in Vietnam. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 77(6), 114.
10. Wang, Y., Qi, Z., Li, Z., Yu, J., & Zhai, Y. (2012). Review of CDIO research in China: From 2005 to 2011. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 10(1), 70-76.
CẢI THIỆN CHẤT LƯỢNG ĐÀO TẠO SINH VIÊN DƯỢC CHO CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG DƯỢC PHẨM TRONG BỐI CẢNH HỘI NHẬP QUỐC TẾ
ThS. DS. NGUYỄN HỮU KHÁNH QUAN
Trưởng Bộ môn Dược lâm sàng, Khoa Dược, Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành
ThS. HOÀNG HỮU TIẾN
ThS. BÙI QUANG TRUNG
Phòng Truyền thông - Marketing, Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành
TÓM TẮT:
Quá trình toàn cầu hóa ngày nay và cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp lần thứ 4 đang đặt ra những yêu cầu mới đối với người lao động trong ngành chăm sóc sức khỏe nói chung và Dược sĩ nói riêng. Do đó, cũng đặt ra các yêu cầu mới cho việc giáo dục đại học nói chung và giáo dục lĩnh vực Dược nói riêng.
Thành phần chính của nghiên cứu này là ứng dụng phương pháp đào tạo CDIO xây dựng chương trình đào tạo có mục tiêu phù hợp với đầu ra cho sinh viên ngành Dược, để phát triển khả năng kết nối với hoạt động làm việc thực tế. Những phát hiện từ nghiên cứu này là cơ sở cho khoa học phát triển giáo dục và ứng dụng đào tạo sinh viên ngành Dược theo CDIO, trong bối cảnh hội nhập quốc tế tại Việt Nam. Chúng tôi muốn sinh viên học ngành Dược biết và có thể làm những gì họ muốn để đáp ứng mong muốn của doanh nghiệp và xã hội sau khi tốt nghiệp.
Từ khóa: CDIO, giáo dục ngành Dược, chuỗi cung ứng dược phẩm.
