Assessment of vao w88 quality of surface water of An Ha Canal, Duc Hoa District, Long An Province

ABSTRACT:

Duc Hoa is a rural district of Long An Province in vao w88 Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Duc Hoa District is undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization and vao w88 district’s domestic, agricultural and industrial demands for water are rapidly increasing. Therefore vao w88 district’s An Ha canal system has received a large amount of waste from households and industries. This study conducted household-leveled surveys and collected water samples at 20 locations with GPS navigation for creating monitoring data to offer water quality protection. This study’s results indicate that vao w88 water of An Ha canal system is polluted. vao w88 concentrations of organic pollution in surface water of An Ha canal system such as Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4^+-N), Nitrate -Nitrogen (NO2^--N), Phosphate (PO4^3--P) exceeds vao w88 thresholds B2 level according to QCVN 08-MT:2015/BVMT. An urgent action to control urban pollution should be required to protect this canal system.

Keywords:Canal system, surface water, polluted water.

1. Introduction

Among vao w88 world’s total of 2.7% freshwater [1], early human civilization had spread along vao w88 river banks, Human body contains about 60% of water and water is being used in most of human activities in different ways [2-3]. Now this resource becomes scarce, exhaustion and threatening development of aquatic life in vao w88 river system and human activities around vao w88 world. It is thought that water pollution is one of important environmental problems, especially in developing countries and areas [4-5], Many developing countries use polluted surface water for their life, which has in most cases led to negative effects of polluted water use on human health, including Vietnam. According to various provinces Report of vao w88 State of vao w88 Environment of vao w88 Department of Environment and Natural Resources in Vietnam, vao w88 surface water of vao w88 Mekong River Delta was partially polluted in areas such as industrial, agricultural and aquaculture areas. In recent years, vao w88 water quality of rivers, ditches and canals has started to exceed vao w88 levels permitted by Vietnamese standards, especially in relation to organic pollution. This problem can only worsen if there is no action to prevent vao w88 source of vao w88 pollution.

Long An is a province in vao w88 Mekong Delta region of southern Vietnam [6]. Demand for water in Long An Province is rapidly increasing for domestic needs, agriculture and industry. On vao w88 other hand, run-off from agricultural fields laden with pesticides and herbicides, discharge of untreated sewage into rivers and lakes, and dumping of industrial wastes are also increasing. In Long An Province, Duc Hoa District had many industrial parks, large and small businesses. Problem is that point source water pollution from industrial parks, waste disposal and treatment facilities is proving difficult to manage. This wastewater contributed to high and increasing levels of water pollution. Cases of serious and repeated pollution infringements by many enterprises in many Canals of Duc Hoa District in Long An Province. Duc Hoa is a rural district of Long An Province. An Ha canals in this district received a large amount of waste from households and industries.

Water quality in this canal was strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities including urban development and expansion, increasing industrial and agricultural practices. Polluted water is of great concern to vao w88 aquatic organism, plants, humans. All of this wastewater is discharged into An Ha canal, effecting on Vam Co Dong River, as vao w88 water source of more than one third of vao w88 population of Long An.

What is need to protect this canal by remediation strategies, such as river dredging and sewage interception, have been taken to restore polluted canals in Duc Hoa District. However, little attention has been paid to vao w88 recovery of this canal system. before strategies, water quality in An Ha canal necessitated close investigation and monitoring. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a monitoring program that indicate water quality variation in An Ha canal.

This research area may cover areas of anthropogenic pollution. An objective of this research is necessary to create vao w88 survey data and vao w88 data observation of water elements by environmental management for offering water quality protection in An Ha Canal, Duc Hoa District, Long An Province.

2. Material and Methods

2.1. Description of vao w88 Study Area

vao w88 research team has conducted household level surveys and field work obtaining vao w88 water samples at 20 points along An Ha canal, Duc Hoa District, Long An Province in August 2020. vao w88 sampling location and sample designation are shown Figure 1.

Figure 1: Sample location map at An Ha Canal

Source: Google Earth

2.2. Description of vao w88 Study Area

Firstly, we conducted household level surveys with 50 residents around this canal from location A1 (Kinh Rau Ram Bridge) to location A20. Secondly, field work was conducted to obtain vao w88 water samples at 20 locations. Each sample were collected and stored with 2 liters in a plastic bottle in a refrigerator at 40C with proper storage in vao w88 laboratory of Nguyen Tat Thanh University where proper equipment was in operation. Analysis of activities performed at this laboratory and before filtration, pH, EC, TDS, 0C of water samples were determined using a combination of pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids and temperature measurement (Mi805 Milwaukee, CO, USA). Dissolved oxygen (DO) is determined by Milwaukee Dissolved Oxygen Meter (MW 600, CO, USA). vao w88 HI83399-02 is a multi-parameter photometer for measuring important water quality parameters such as NO3^--N, NO2^--N, NH4⁺-N, PO4^3--P, in this study.

2.3. Statistical Analyses

Mean values and standard errors of water quality parameters were calculated from replicates, to be done within each treatment on one sampling time to understand differences between vao w88 control and vao w88 experiment. This differences compared to National Standards of [7-8] and WHO Guidelines [9].

3. Results and discussion

3.1. Social Survey

Figure 2: Water resources situation by household level surveys

There were 50 questionnaires in vao w88 survey results, corresponding to 50 households living around vao w88 An Ha canal, to be detailed as following:

+ According to vao w88 assessment of vao w88 current An Ha canal environment in figure 2, there were 84% households mentioned vao w88 polluted water in An Ha canal, 16% households don't know about that. Main reasons causes water pollution in this area, there are 26% of Industrial activities, 28% of Agricultural activities, 36% Household activities, 6% of Transportation activities and others.

+ Almost participants pointed out that reducing pollution of this canals, it was very important to protect this canals. They suggested that relocation of small manufacture factory and handicraft go into industrial zones. Placing banners at canal sections prohibits unconscious people from throwing garbage away or even creating spontaneous landfills. Concern about vao w88 degradation of water quality is now widespread among this public area. Apart from vao w88 visible improvement in vao w88 water quality, vao w88 awareness generated is an indicator of its success to protect vao w88 water quality managements [10]. In recent years it became clear that vao w88 polluted condition of this canal was strongly effected, and this had necessitated close investigation and monitoring.

3.2. Water quality

Table 1. Summary of descriptive analysis of this study

Source: According to vao w88 author's calculation

Note:

a (QCVN 08-MT, 2015)- B2: National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality, Vietnam.

b (QCVN 01-BYT, 2009): National technical regulation on drinking water quality, Vietnam.

c (World Health Organization, 2006): A compendium of standards for wastewater reuse in vao w88 Eastern Mediterranean Region from WHO, for Jordanian Standard.

Table 1 illustrated vao w88 concentration of vao w88 analyzed in-situ parameters of this study with air temperature 26-280C at vao w88 laboratory of Nguyen Tat Thanh University. Results of indicators at vao w88 beginning and end of experiments compared to National Standards (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BVMT and QCVN 01-BYT, 2009) and also World Health Organization 2006.

vao w88 water temperature in this study ranged from 28.1 ± 0.0^oC to 30.3 ± 0.0^oC with an average 29.02 ± 0.68^-C. In practical terms, this means that this water temperature affects vao w88 high solubility of many chemical compounds and thus vao w88 effects of some pollutants on aquatic life, for example, Optimal growth performance of aquatic weeds and aquatic animals with temperatures in vao w88 range of 20 - 30^oC [11-12].

Figure 3: A- pH, B- Electrical conductivity (EC), C- Dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), D- Total dissolved solids (TDS) in water

Source: According to vao w88 author's calculation

Figure 3A showed that vao w88 average pH value recorded 5.19 ± 0.82. vao w88 pH concentration had a range from 3.54 ± 0.01 to 6.58 ± 0.01. Many sampling points was not within vao w88 thresholds B2 in (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BVMT) and (World Health Organization, 2006) for conserving aquatic ecology and for animals with vao w88 threshold of pH 6-9. But results showed vao w88 low value of pH at location A1, A4, A5, A12, A18, A19, A20 and even under vao w88 permitted limit B2. This point may affect vao w88 environment conditions and human health around here. Especially, location A19 and A20 located vao w88 downstream of this canal, and then surface water flows into Vam Co Dong river.

Figure 3B illustrated an average of electrical conductivity 528 ± 167 µs/cm. vao w88 electrical conductivity had a range from 242 ± 2.1 to 899 ± 0.7 µs/cm. vao w88 conductivity had significantly changed in 20 locations.

Figure 3C presented that Dissolved oxygen levels had a highest value 9.55 ± 0.07 mg/l and vao w88 lowest was 0.4 ± 0.0mg/l due to vao w88 weather or vao w88 rainy season. Dissolved oxygen  (DO) is very important in aquatic ecology [13], if vao w88 DO concentration was low, causing vao w88 organisms lose activity or even death. vao w88 experiment average of TDS was 263 ± 84 mg/l and this range ranged from 122 ± 0.70 to 451 ± 0.71 mg/l in Figure 2D, vao w88 trend of total dissolved solids was a limit standard of National Standards as concentration of TDS < 1000 mg/l [8] - National technical regulation on drinking water quality and WHO.

Figure 4: A- Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4⁺-N), B - Nitrate -Nitrogen (NO2^--N), C- Phosphate (PO4^3--P) in water

Source: According to vao w88 author's calculation

vao w88 term ammonia (NH4⁺-N) includes non-ionized (NH3) and ionized (NH4⁺). vao w88 NH4⁺-N levels for all vao w88 monitored points on An Ha only are shown in figure 4A. All values NH4+-N in this research area exceeded 0.9 mg/l NH4⁺-N of thresholds B2 of QCVN 08-MT-2015 / BVMT. This trend NH4⁺-N came from location A4 to A20, being higher than location A1, A2, A3. Especially, location A20 reached vao w88 highest value with 81.85 ± 2.75 mg/l, it may be concerned vao w88 polluted water at vao w88 end of downstream, it can affect Vam Co Dong river. All NO2--N content in figure 4B also exceeded 0.5 mg/l NO2^--N of thresholds B2 of QCVN 08-MT-2015/BVMT. Concentration NO3^--N was nearly 0.00 mg/l in 20 locations, that was not a good thing for aquatic life because vao w88 polluted surface waters may contain less than 1 mg/l of nitrate NO3^--N [14].

Figure 4C showed that most PO4^3--P in water in An Ha canal exceeded thresholds B2 of QCVN 08-MT-2015/BVMT. vao w88 high concentration of PO4^3--P was 16.15 ± 0.21 mg/l at location A6, 13.45 ± 0.07 mg/l at location A2 and 9.2 ± 0.0 mg/l at location A7. Ammonium, Nitrite and phosphate levels were very high at all points, caused polluted water, effecting conservation of aquatic ecology in this research area.

4. Conclusion

Survey results mentioned vao w88 polluted water in An Ha canal. Following to vao w88 water quality in this research, concentrations of organic pollution such as Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4⁺-N), Nitrate -Nitrogen (NO2^--N), Phosphate (PO4^3--P) in surface water from An Ha canal, putting at risk households relying on these regions in a use of polluted water because this values exceeded vao w88 thresholds B2 (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BVMT). Main reason was that Duc Hoa District was undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization, has expanding population and growing economy, and is undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization. This situation suggests solution for efficient water treatment technologies for discharging waste water to environment. It is of vao w88 utmost importance that good strategies be developed for vao w88 management of safe water for public supply [15]. First one, educating residents of this rural district to understand vao w88 effects of contaminated water on their health is essential in further years. Second one is that long-term water quality monitoring program with more frequent testing should be considered.

Acknowledgement:This research is funded by Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.

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ĐÁNH GIÁ CHẤT LƯỢNG NƯỚC Ở KÊNH AN HẠ,

HUYỆN ĐỨC HÒA, TỈNH LONG AN

• LƯƠNG QUANG TƯỞNG

• NGUYỄN DANH HIỂN

• ĐỖ THỊ THAO

• NGUYỄN THỊ TUYẾT NGA

• TRẦN THÀNH

Khoa Kỹ thuật Thực phẩm và Môi trường

Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành

TÓM TẮT:

Long An là một tỉnh thuộc vùng đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, trong đó Đức Hòa là huyện nằm ở phía Bắc tỉnh Long An. Huyện Đức Hòa đang trong quá trình công nghiệp hóa và đô thị hóa nhanh chóng, nhu cầu sử dụng nước của khu vực này ngày càng tăng nhanh cho nhu cầu sinh hoạt, nông nghiệp và công nghiệp. Kênh An Hạ là một tuyến kênh chính chảy qua huyện Đức Hòa, nên đã tiếp nhận một lượng lớn nguồn nước thải từ các hộ gia đình và khu công nghiệp. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi bao gồm phiếu khảo sát đánh giáô nhiễm môi trườngvà thu thập mẫu nước đại điện với địa điểm có định vị GPS để tạo cơ sở dữ liệu quan trắc thực tế nhằm đề xuất bảo vệ chất lượng nguồn nước mặt ở đây. Từ kết quả của điều tra khảo sát, hầu như người tham gia phỏng vấn điều đánh giá có tình trạng ô nhiễm nước ởkênh An Hạ. Đồng thời kết quả phân tích cho thấy nồng độ ô nhiễm hữu cơ cao như Amoni-Nitơ (NH4+ -N), Nitrit -Nitơ (NO2- -N), Phosphat (PO43- -P) trong nước mặt kênh An Hạ hầu hết vượt ngưỡng B2 trong (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BVMT). Kết luận rằng, một hành động cần thiết phải được đưa ra để kiểm soát ô nhiễm tại hệ thống kênh này.

Từ khóa:Kênh An Hạ, chất lượng nước mặt, ô nhiễm nước.

[Tạp chí Công Thương - Các kết quả nghiên cứu khoa học và ứng dụng công nghệ, Số 24, tháng 9 năm 2020]