ABSTRACT:
This paper analyzes achievements ofLao People's Democratic Republic(Lao PDR) in training and fostering human resources in w88 link mới nhất tourism economic development. Based on w88 link mới nhất paper’s findings, some solutions are proposed to improve w88 link mới nhất effectiveness of human resources training in w88 link mới nhất tourism economic development of Lao PDR in w88 link mới nhất coming time.
Keywords: human factors, training, fostering, tourism, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
1. Humanresource training in w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy in Lao PDR
Important achievements in human resource training and upskilling in w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy in Lao PDR can be seen as follows:
- Training
- Tourism training: To promote w88 link mới nhất growth of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy, Lao PDR has paid much interest in tourism human resource training for tourism development. In w88 link mới nhất Tourism Strategy of w88 link mới nhất 2006-2020 period, w88 link mới nhất country encouraged high school graduates and w88 link mới nhất young to take training courses in vocational schools at central and local levels. As a result, there is an average number of 20,000 people completing vocational training courses every year, mainly in three areas: tourism, hospitality and cooking. These training programs provide them with knowledge, skills and practice to enhance their working ability in w88 link mới nhất tourism economy.
- Tour guide training: w88 link mới nhất National Tour Guide Training Program has been implemented by w88 link mới nhất Institute of Mass Media, Culture and Tourism, National University of Laos and related ministries in coordination with other countries under w88 link mới nhất support of w88 link mới nhất Government. As a result, 1,366 people have completed w88 link mới nhất ASEAN framework based training program. Being developed in consistent with w88 link mới nhất tourism context of w88 link mới nhất provinces and w88 link mới nhất 3-Build Strategy (samxang), w88 link mới nhất program identifies professional ethics and inspires passion and love for jobs in w88 link mới nhất tourism economy.
- Human resource trainingof businesses: To w88 link mới nhất increase in w88 link mới nhất number of international tourists to Laos, w88 link mới nhất Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism in collaboration with w88 link mới nhất Institute of Mass Media, Culture and Tourism launched a human resource training program for tourism businesses in order to provide them knowledge and strengthen capacity for their human resource, thereby helped them make a better plan to approach international tourism markets and know how to adapt their products and services to better meet w88 link mới nhất needs of international tourists.
- Tourism officials training:In order to facilitate w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất country's tourism economy, it is a must to have competent managers. Therefore, a number of officials are sent to domestic and overseas training courses every year to strengthen their capacity and update knowledge of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy. Since 2016, 327 officials have been trained, of which 213 people were trained domestically and 114 were trained abroad at all academic levels from undergraduate to doctorate including 33 doctors, 129 masters, 155 bachelors and 10 associates.
- Upskilling
- Upskilling for employees: Tourism is an interdisciplinary industry with general characteristics and makes indirect impacts on others. To promote w88 link mới nhất tourism economy, it is necessary to upskill human resources of w88 link mới nhất tourism and service industry in particular and other industries in general. Since 2013, w88 link mới nhất number of trained employees in w88 link mới nhất tourism - service industry has always been w88 link mới nhất highest in w88 link mới nhất country and reached a total of 198,458, of which there are 108,779 female staff accounting for 43.65% compared with w88 link mới nhất total of 23,506 including 52,918 female employees in w88 link mới nhất industry sector, accounting for 27.2%; and w88 link mới nhất total of 132,624 including 60,622 female employees in w88 link mới nhất agricultural sector.
- Upskilling for tourism trainers: Tourism trainers play an important role in training as well as promoting human resources in w88 link mới nhất tourism by teaching and practical guidance. Every year, 32 trainers of tourism and hospitality from 17 vocational schools and colleges are provided training courses on advanced tourism skills through a 4-week field trip at w88 link mới nhất Lao National Institute of Tourism and Hospitality (LANITH). w88 link mới nhất program equips them with crucial theoretical and practical knowledge and skills to enhance w88 link mới nhất quality of tourism and hospitality training, which helps to bridge w88 link mới nhất gap between current teaching practices and w88 link mới nhất standards of w88 link mới nhất ASEAN Common Competency Standards for Tourism Professional.
In addition, with w88 link mới nhất effort to promote tourism economy oriented by w88 link mới nhất Government of Lao PDR, w88 link mới nhất Lao Institute of Mass Media, Culture and Tourism has strengthened w88 link mới nhất training of tourism trainers to improve w88 link mới nhất professionalism in w88 link mới nhất hospitality and tourism industry through w88 link mới nhất ASEAN National Tour Guide Training Program. This 10 day program started in 2012 and annually involves 80 trainers coming from vocational schools, Skills Development Center and Vocational Education Development Institute in Laos. It helps standardize professional competencies for tourism trainers, upgrade professional skills for ASEAN tourism trainers and evaluators, equip them with skills and knowledge to standardize services by global standards. This will be an important milestone for Lao PDR's integration into ASEAN and a key driving force for w88 link mới nhất tourism economic growth in w88 link mới nhất country.
In order to have strong human resources, w88 link mới nhất Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism in coordination with w88 link mới nhất Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare and w88 link mới nhất Ministry of Education organize upskilling courses on tourism and hospitality management skills for tourism trainers all over w88 link mới nhất country, in which they learn theory in Laos and conduct a study tour for practice in Singapore. These courses contribute to w88 link mới nhất sustainable development of w88 link mới nhất workforce through successive training at a ratio of 1:3 - it means 1 upskilled trainers will conduct training to 3 others through a series of sharing workshops afterwards. As a result, 120 principal trainers have been successfully upskilled and 300 others have been indirectly tought through w88 link mới nhất sharing workshops.
Upskillingfor human resources of provincial tourism businesses and associations: In recent years, Lao PDR has implemented w88 link mới nhất Tourism Skill Project, which is one of w88 link mới nhất largest annual trainings on human resources for tourism businesses. w88 link mới nhất project aims to promote sustainable and comprehensive growth of w88 link mới nhất tourism and hospitality industry, contributing to w88 link mới nhất development of tourism and hospitality skills as well as poverty alleviation by involving disadvantaged people so that they can successfully find a stable job or pursue further studies in tourism and hospitality. It focuses on improving w88 link mới nhất quality of vocational education and programs on tourism and hospitality skills by expanding w88 link mới nhất scale and variety of supporting programs on governance, policies, institutions and regulations for vocational education and skill development in w88 link mới nhất tourism and hospitality sector. w88 link mới nhất project has helped to strengthen tourism and hospitality skills for 1,700 employees from 700 businesses and 8 hospitality associations, of which w88 link mới nhất number of female employees accounts for 47%.
- Upskillingfor human resources of w88 link mới nhất tourism sector: w88 link mới nhất Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism pays much concern on improving its employees' knowledge on various fields such as tourism communication, tourism economy, personnel training, English language, tourism marketing, food safety and services, personality and communication skills, etiquettes and decoration. Training is also conducted through 210 domestic and overseas workshops with w88 link mới nhất participation of 7,950 employees so far, of which 85 workshops on personnel training with w88 link mới nhất participation of 4,250 employees; 50 workshops on food safety services involving 1,000 employees; other issues are at an average of 10 workshops with 300 employees involved.
- Upskilling for tourism managers: In addition to human resource training, w88 link mới nhất Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism has greatly focused on human resource upskilling. There have been 105 upskilling courses on politics - administration, journalism, mass media, cultural management and tourism management with w88 link mới nhất participation of 4,725 officials of w88 link mới nhất Ministry at w88 link mới nhất central and local levels. w88 link mới nhất courses provide w88 link mới nhất Ministry's officials with knowledge and skills and enable them to contribute more to w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy in w88 link mới nhất Lao PDR.
2. Shortcomings
- w88 link mới nhất institutions' training methods are out of date. Foreign language ability, soft skills especially communication skills of students after graduation are still far from requirements of international tourism organizations. A lot of tour guide training courses have been conducted. However, w88 link mới nhất training time and contents are not suitable enough. Consequently, trainees do not have deep knowledge of Laos culture, history and people, which leads to ineffective guide and presentations to tourists. In addition, there is an inappropriate distribution of labor among sectors and regions. w88 link mới nhất workforces in tourism businesses remain inadequate in number and poor in competency. Human resource training in w88 link mới nhất tourism sector in w88 link mới nhất localities has not been really appreciated. It is still not consistent with w88 link mới nhất needs of management and w88 link mới nhất development of society especially in w88 link mới nhất context of Industry 4.0.
- Human resource upskilling in tourism businesses and associations in w88 link mới nhất provinces are not quite effective. w88 link mới nhất time and content are not appropriate and trainees are not fully engaged in learning activities. Besides, upskilling courses for tourism trainers are not successful enough to make big changes in w88 link mới nhất trainers' knowledge, training methods as well as practical experience so that they can improve their teaching quality in universities and vocational schools.
Tourism human resouceupskilling has been conducted mainly in w88 link mới nhất central level and localities which are famous for tourism sites, not potential ones. Therefore, it does not make enough good impacts to improve w88 link mới nhất management of human resource development as well as w88 link mới nhất development of tourism economy in w88 link mới nhất localities.
Causes of these shortcomings can be seen as follows:
Firstly,w88 link mới nhất awareness and actions of all government levels and agencies. Although human resource training and upskilling are supposed crucial to promote w88 link mới nhất human factor in w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy, there are still no proper plans on human resource training in w88 link mới nhất tourism - service industry.
Secondly, w88 link mới nhất system of education and training is still far from practical requirements. Education and training of human resources in w88 link mới nhất tourism economy is not yet closely linked to practice and has not been able to meet w88 link mới nhất needs of w88 link mới nhất market. w88 link mới nhất training content mainly focuses on theory while practice frequency is not effective enough to meet w88 link mới nhất requirements of human resource quality improvement. Poor facilities and equipment make human resource training by modern methods ineffective.
Finally,w88 link mới nhất investment mobilization for development of vocational training institutions is limited. At w88 link mới nhất present, an essential factor for w88 link mới nhất tourism economy of Laos is to develop competence of young people and create jobs with stable income for them. Therefore, it is important that w88 link mới nhất training system be planned, built and operated in a synchronous manner. However, w88 link mới nhất mobilization of public and private resources to develop w88 link mới nhất quantity and quality of w88 link mới nhất human resource is still limited. w88 link mới nhất investment mobilization for w88 link mới nhất development of infrastructure, tourism trainers and experts remains inadequate in quantity and poor in quality. There haven't been appropriate guidelines and policies on employing graduates.
3. Solutionsfor improvement of human resource training in w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy in Lao PDR
Human resource training is one of w88 link mới nhất determinants for w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy. Therefore, in order to improve w88 link mới nhất effectiveness of human resource training in w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy in Lao PDR, w88 link mới nhất following solutions should be taken into account, speciffically:
Firstly, in order to build a solid foundation for w88 link mới nhấttourism economy, it is crucial to provide communication on tourism and integrate tourism training into education at high schools to help w88 link mới nhất last year students to understand and determine their future careers. For training institutions and vocational schools, it is necessary to provide more practical, diverse and quality training programs for learners, especially adults. In addition, there should be a clear orientation in these courses to conduct specilized human resource training for different types of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy. Promoting cooperation with tourism businesses is also of importance to enable learners to take a long-term internship period in batches so that they can link their provided knowledge with practice. It is all of these which make tourism human resource training effective and help learners to identify current demands, trends and oppoturnities, thereby strive to strengthen their competence and skills to meet them.
Whether w88 link mới nhất human factor in w88 link mới nhất development of tourism economy can be brought into full play depends on w88 link mới nhất content of w88 link mới nhất training programs. Therefore, training institutions need to develop socio-economic development-based training as well as short and long-term training courses. Besides, w88 link mới nhất factors such as physical strength, competence and determination education should be considered in w88 link mới nhất design of training programs and closely link together to help develop a high-quality workforce for w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy.
In order to promote w88 link mới nhất human factor in w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy, it is necessary to enhance various joint training to prevent spontaneity in human resource training due to particular needs of businesses. And it is important to build a close linkage between w88 link mới nhất State, training institutions and employers to facilitate human resource training for w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy.
Secondly,in order for w88 link mới nhất tourism economy to develop commensurately with its potential and conditions, it is crucial to value human resource upskilling by providing them with proper knowledge and skills to increase competitiveness in w88 link mới nhất current changing tourism environment including state management, corporate governance, professional skills, communication and presentation skills, foreign language ability and professional ethics in tourism. There should be more short training courses to improve w88 link mới nhất quality and effectiveness of human resources in w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy. w88 link mới nhất Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism should encourage tourism businesses to pay more attention to organizing upskilling courses for their own staff, develop human resource training programs and mobilize participation of other organizations in w88 link mới nhất training.
Possessing w88 link mới nhất strength of geography, people's hospitality, and natural landscapes that mostly stay untouched by w88 link mới nhất human, Lao PDR is expected to witness a rapid development in community tourism and nature friendly tourism in w88 link mới nhất coming time. w88 link mới nhất workforce involved in w88 link mới nhất tourism economy will be not only professionally trained staff but also w88 link mới nhất people in w88 link mới nhất tourism areas. Therefore, it is also important to conduct upskilling in home stay tourism, tourism security and safety, traditional cuisine services, traditional culture advertisement and marketing, and finance management in tourism. Financial management in tourism activities. These upskilling courses will enable participants to assess tourism strengths for effective implementation of tourism business.
Finally,expansion of international cooperation in tourism training with ASEAN member countries. w88 link mới nhất symbiotic relationship in w88 link mới nhất tourism development between Lao PDR and its neighboring countries as well as other countries in w88 link mới nhất region demands good coordination in tourism training between ASEAN member states, which helps to innovate w88 link mới nhất training system and implement w88 link mới nhất Mutual Recognition Agreement on w88 link mới nhất tourism profession within w88 link mới nhất ASEAN. w88 link mới nhất goal of tourism human resource training is to ensure not only adequate quantity but also professionalism to improve competitiveness and promote w88 link mới nhất integration in tourism in w88 link mới nhất region.
In addition, international cooperation in tourism training between ASEAN member countries also requires assessments of human resource development issues for better implementation of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy in order to help Lao PDR to integrate into as well as gain benefits from w88 link mới nhất ASEAN Economic Community. This also helps w88 link mới nhất country to have better approach to researches, current situations, needs and development trends of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy so as to develop draft policies on w88 link mới nhất development of w88 link mới nhất tourism economy and tourism human resources in association with specific characteristics of tourism businesses.
REFERENCES:
- Feature Desk (2020). Ministry to advance human resources for national development.Vientiane Times, 59, 12.
- Times Reporters (2019). 66 more tour guides join ranks of professionals.Vientiane Times, 2.
- Times Reporters (2020). Tourism businesses get lessons on ways to attract Chinese visitors.Vientiane Times, 02, 2.
- Times Reporters (2019). Tourism, hospitality teachers get lessons in restaurant operations.Vientiane Times.
- Phetphoxay Sengpaseuth (2019). Trainers get lessons in tourism management, hospitality.Vientiane Times, 6.
- Viengdavanh Banphahaksa (2019). 1,025 people undergo training in hospitality, tourism.Vientiane Times, Issue 276,
- Lao’s Ministry of Planning and Investment (2016). 8th five-year national socioeconomic development plan (2016-2020) (Officially approved at w88 link mới nhất VIIIth National Assembly’s Inaugural Session, 20-23 April 2016.Vientiane, 31.
Đào tạo, bồi dưỡng nhân tố con người trong phát triển kinh tế du lịch
tại Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Lào
Khampheth Sengsoulattana
NCS. Học viện Chính trị Quốc gia Hồ Chí Minh
TÓM TẮT:
Bài viết phân tích thành tựu về đào tạo, bồi dưỡng nhân tố con người trong phát triển kinh tế du lịch ở Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Lào (CHDCND Lào). Từ đó, đề xuất một số giải pháp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả công tác đào tạo, bồi dưỡng nhân tố con người trong phát triển kinh tế du lịch ở nước CHDCND Lào trong giai đoạn tới.
Từ khóa: nhân tố con người, đào tạo, bồi dưỡng, du lịch, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Lào.
[Tạp chí Công Thương - Các kết quả nghiên cứu khoa học và ứng dụng công nghệ,
Số 16, tháng 7 năm 2021]
